The sacred touch of Gion's hallowed land,
Melodies of temple bells, life's command.
Sala blossoms, hues aflame,
Expose the fleeting glory, a hollow game.
The Tale of the Heike, a representative lyrical poem in Japan,was recited by a biwa player. Japanese literature has produced numerous works influenced by Buddhist thought since the Heian period.
Around the same time, Saigyo expressed the Buddhist concept of impermanence in tanka poetry, which later evolved into Matsuo Basho's haiku during the Edo period,
earning global acclaim.
Sicken on a journey,
My dreams go wandering round
Withered field.
Basho aimed for great heights in his haiku, drawing inspiration from Zen Buddhism, particularly the Rinzai Zen school. He Aimed spiritual height.His poems were translated into english and other languages, spreading worldwide.
Along this road,
Goes no one,
This autumn eve.
People speak words, write sentences, convey things, and through language, construct, organize, and create a meaningful world within time and space. Emotions are expressed through songs, paintings, and poetry. From poetry, tanka emerged by reducing the number of words, and further compressing the language to its extreme, haiku was born. When reducing it from 31 syllables to 17 syllables, the characters and spaces resonate like ringing a bell, creating a world of enlightenment where parts harmonize with the whole. The characters are compressed, transcending logic and reaching the deep recesses of the mind, becoming a Zen koan. Compared to explanatory waka, when the characters of haiku are further compressed, they undergo a radical transformation at the singularity point.
The old pond,
A frog leaps in,
Splash of the water.
Louis Kahn stated, "Space is that which envelops oneself, extending in all directions. Architecture is what gives it definition." Furthermore, Sen no Rikyu compressed this space, transforming it into a sacred and Zen-like world through the Japanese tea ceremony.
Price believed that haiku is the essence of all Eastern cultures. Haiku should be understood from the perspective of Zen. It is an inexpressible character that cannot be described in words, seen as embodying Zen. Just as the tea room compresses space to its minimum, haiku compresses language to its minimum, becoming Zen. This had an influence on American counterculture, including writers like Salinger.
How many columns of clouds,
had risen and crumbled
Over the mountain of moon.
In the great silence,
permeating rocks
cicadas chorus.
Basshou
In silence deep,
Beneath the lake it lies
The peaks of clouds.
Issa
Kobayashi Issa was born in 1763 in Shinshu. At the age of 15, he went to work in Edo (now Tokyo) and became the third-generation successor of the Katsushika school of painting in his twenties. At the age of 27, he left Edo and embarked on a journey to the Tohoku region. At the age of 30, after six years of traveling through Shikoku, Kyushu, and other western regions, he released the "Kansei Sangen Kikou" (A Travel Account of the Kansei Era) to the world.
A frog, softly asleep,
cradled by the hand
On the verdant plum tree.
O snail, ascend with gentle pace,
Your journey's peak
Mount Fuji's grace.
Issa
Animals such as frogs and snails, as well as insects and plants, take on human-like qualities, sensing and perceiving the universe. The haiku that Seymour (Salinger) loved and chanted was
Calm and serene
Looking at the far mountains
A frog.
A windy fall night
Through the rickety window
The sound of whistling.
Matsuo Basho was influenced by Zen philosophy, particularly Rinzai Zen, while Kobayashi Issa believed in the teachings of Shinran. Additionally, while Basho came from a samurai background, Issa was born into a peasant family. Issa saw Buddha nature in all people, not just frogs and insects, and he gave voices and songs to all living creatures, much like the chirping of chicks.
During the period from Houreki to Tenmei, the culture of Edo flourished, and there were many haikai poets. A cultural world that transcended the samurai, peasant, and merchant classes was created. In 1806 (Bunka 3), when Issa was 45 years old, the ban on heterodox learning in the Kansei era was issued. Zhu Xi's Confucianism was established as orthodox, while teachings of Yangming and ancient literature were considered heretical and banned from education by the shogunate.
Peasants were forced to return to the land from the cities. As a result of the influence of Zhu Xi's teachings, those who didn't have fixed occupations, excluding the samurai, peasants, artisans, and merchants, found themselves in a narrow world.
In 1814 (Bunka 11), at the age of 52, Issa married Kiku. They had three sons and one daughter, but they died at a young age.
Give me the moon,
Insisting
The child pouts.
From the Bunka era onward, Issa settled in Kashiwabara, Shinshu, away from Edo. In 1818 (Bunsei 2), he compiled "Ora ga Haru" (My Spring). This was published posthumously.
A happy new year
Well maybe just a little
Just another day.
Crawling, laughing,
Two from one—
Since this morning.
Deepening his faith in Amida Buddha, surrendering himself before Amida regardless of whether it be hell or paradise, it all depends on your will. Only requesting your benevolence.
Surrendering all,
at the twilight of the year,
In your hands, the course of fate.
Issa's "My Spring" was not written from the perspective of an awakened individual, but from the viewpoint of an ordinary person, as a believer in Shinran's teaching of Other Power.
He lived a married life, believing in the teachings, and resided in Kashiwabara, Shinshu. Issa, who was once a wild and ordinary man in his youth, married at the age of 52 and experienced the loss of his wife and children before returning to a solitary life at the age of 61.
Spring returns
Stop one folly,
Another folly returns.
After remarrying, in 1827 (Bunsei 10) at the age of 65, his house in Kashiwabara was destroyed in a major fire. He passed away in that storage house.
On charred land
Embers glow,
As fleas dance.
0 件のコメント:
コメントを投稿