Beyond the cape, there existed naught but emptiness.
An endless, maddening expanse of water stretched forth, a succession of boundless magnitude fulfilling our yearnings, the vast aqueous plain imbued with our purpose.
Our arrival is at last at hand. In this very moment, we propel unswervingly towards our coveted destination.
Within the depths of our beings, a profound stirring ensues, a tumultuous battle unfolds.
It transcends mere serenity, happiness, and contentment—an arduous strife that empowers us to confront our individual destinies head-on and strive relentlessly to seize them.
"Stars and Rudder"
Shintaro Ishihara.
After Japan's defeat in World War II, the country's values were fundamentally overturned. People quickly adapted to a state of peace. Even magazines underwent a transformation, with "Women in Wartime" becoming "Fujin Gahō" (Women's Pictorial), "Weapon Technology" turning into "Peace Industry," and "War Medicine" changing to "Comprehensive Medicine." In the 1946 issue of Shin Nihon Bungaku (New Japanese Literature), 25 names were listed as literary figures responsible for the war. The previously prominent nationalist literature lost its influence, and authors like Natsume Soseki, Nagai Kafu, and Hajime Kawakami gained popularity. In 1947, even Miyamoto Yuriko's "Harima Plain" became a bestseller.
Pre-war authors such as Junichiro Tanizaki and Yasunari Kawabata also made a comeback with their aestheticism gaining support. Among them, young writers like Ango Sakaguchi, Taijiro Tamura, and Osamu Dazai advocated decadence and individualism, disrupting societal norms in their own ways.
Sakaguchi presented the theory of decadence, stating that the expression of defeat was nothing more than a descent into decadence. He believed that true beginnings and a return to genuine human nature could be found within that decadence. Tamura denied abstract thinking through the gateway of the physical body, extolling the reliability inherent in the flesh. His novels became popular and were even adapted into films. Dazai, on the other hand, infused his works with the mood of the post-war era, expressing a sense of disillusionment, decline, and the beauty and faint hope that could be found within them. He was critical of post-war democracy and ultimately committed suicide by drowning in the Tamagawa River, echoing his own stories.
These works, emphasizing decadence, violence, and the baseness of human nature, were criticized as follows: "Since the defeat, Japan has not produced anything original or valuable.
" The Akutagawa Prize is awarded to emerging writers who have high commercial value. If these young writers ride the wave of the times, their talents flourish; otherwise, their talents wither away. Shintaro Ishihara's "Season of the Sun" emerged in the literary world and society as a new form of literature that broke through Japan's stagnant state. In 1956, it won the Akutagawa Prize and was adapted into a film.
During that time, the ruling class in Japan was completely overthrown due to the war, and democracy was introduced under the occupation. However, the general public in Japanese society still held onto the Confucian values from before the war. The catchphrase was "Is it immorality or a new morality? The Akutagawa Prize has caused a significant ripple in the world." It was in this way that star Shintaro Ishihara made his appearance. He wrote screenplays for movies such as "Crazed Fruit" and "Waiting for Good News" and also starred in them.
The significance that our generation brings to the era lies in our shared disbelief in established values and, in aPre-war authors. Created by Kenn Kaiko,Susumu Hani,with addition of Kennzaburo Oe,Rokusuke Ei and Shintaro Ishihara,this group of young people eventually became the driving force behind Japanese politics and culture .
In April 1959, during the wedding ceremony of the Crown Prince, a man who threw stones was featured in Bungei Shunju magazine. During the 1960 security treaty crisis, he was not directly involved in politics but thrived in the world of novels. He wrote the play "The Wolf Walks, the Pig Dies," followed by the novel "The Crevice," which became a bestseller. In "Act and Death," he novelized the feelings of disgust harbored by the perpetrator of the gun incident that occurred in 1965. Shintaro Ishihara, while writing numerous novels, struggled to decide where to direct his passion. Should he bet on literature, become an adventurous activist involved in yachting and sports, or engage in politics?
In 1967, a new era began with the election of Tokyo Governor Minobe. Riding the wave of innovation, many governors were born in Japan. In response, Shintaro Ishihara ran for the House of Councillors in 1968 as acountermeasure, rallying support with the message: "Japan, our homeland, is being manipulated by helmsmen who lack a compass and cannot read nautical charts. They have neither the ability nor the qualifications to carry out true innovation during this turning point in history or to build a country prepared for the future. Let us create a young nation. Let us create the history of the youth. For that, I ask for your support," and he won his first election with 3 million votes.
Subsequently, in the 1970s, Shintaro Ishihara, as a young political figure, broke political taboos and spoke about the ideals stemming from his passion.
These taboos included the notion that not all wars initiated by the Japanese could be called acts of aggression, the necessity of security measures, and the active development of nuclear weapons. To realize these ideas, he established a nonpartisan policy group called "Seiran-kai" in 1973.
At that time, Jun Eto commented, "He was gifted with exceptional qualities as both a novelist and a politician, but he did not feel the need for self-training nor did he have a sense of crisis. He did not strive to become a professional.”
"We lived quietly within the thick, mucous-like walls. Our lives were completely cut off from the outside, and strangely confined, yet we never attempted to escape or became obsessed with obtaining outside information. It can be said that we had no concept of the outside world. Inside the walls, we lived fulfilled and cheerfully.
- Others' Feet Kenzaburo Oe
Kenzaburo Oe, born three years after Shintaro Ishihara in Shikoku in 1935, gained recognition during his student years with his work "Strange Jobs" in 1957, followed by the sister work "The Extravagance of the Dead." The latter was based on his experiences during his childhood,
such as the story of experimental dogs confined behind the fence behind the university hospital barking incessantly at dusk, and killing a pet dog and making a coat out of its fur during his time at a national school during the war.
He won the Akutagawa Prize with his early work "The Cage," which depicted the fate of black soldiers from the indigenous world of Shikoku in 1958. He became a representative of the new generation of writers, just like Shintaro Ishihara.
Politically, he participated in the Young Japan Association and joined the camp opposing the 1960 security treaty. In 1961, he published novels based on the model of a right-wing youth who assassinated Inejirou Asanuma, the leader of the Socialist Party, in "Seventeen: A Political Youth Dies," and wrote a farewell letter titled "Long Live the Emperor, Devote Our Lives to Our Country" before committing suicide.
In "Our Age," he further extended the story of sex and politics. The Seventeen hero sought sovereignty outside himself, which seemed more absolute and certain than the freedom and insecurity within, believing that sexuality was the most effective mixer or drill to stir up the calm surface of the post-war late 20th-century type of anti-pastoral reality, as explained in "Solemn Tightrope."
In the same year, 1961, Yukio Mishima published "Patriotism" in Chuo Koron magazine, where he also novelized politics, eros, and death, inspired by the celebration of life until death, much like Bataille. In "Patriotism," he depicted the imperial system positively, while in "Seventeen," he depicted it critically, thus provoking political issues.
In the 1960s, he actively participated as a writer advocating post-war democracy, such as with "Hiroshima Notes." He stated, "As a substitute for moral education, we had a new time dedicated to the new constitution. Freshly returned from the war, young teachers taught it piously, and we students learned it with tension.
Even now, I feel that concepts like 'popular sovereignty' and the 'renunciation of war' are the most fundamental morals in my daily life, and the origin of it all lies in the time of the new constitution in the new middle school." His commitment to post-war democracy remained unchanged. Depicting urban individuals of the post-war era and their mythological world, his complex novels became essential readings for intellectuals, and he continued his efforts as a novelist, gaining recognition worldwide.
In the 1960s, during the political season, Shintaro Ishihara advocated liberalism and patriotism, gathering popular support. Kenzaburo Oe became the standard-bearer of post-war democracy, while Kazumi Takahashi received high praise from student supporters of the Zenkyoto with works like "Vessel of Sorrow" and "Isolated and Helpless Thoughts." And Hideo Kaikō thrived as an activist writer. However, with Yukio Mishima's self-immolation and the incident at the Mount Asama Lodge, the political season in Japan came to an end.

